Volvo Series 88

A little history

During the Fifties, the old company Volvo had succeeded in making itself known outside of its native Sweden thanks to its PV444 model, an old-fashioned but extremely robust automobile. But Volvo’s range extended much further than this, for it also manufactured trucks, buses, agricultural tractors and marine engines. In 1965, Volvo let the world discover part of its commercial line as it unveiled a brand new truck, the modern 88. Virtually no component was carried over from previous models by the three main models, the F88 (cab-over), N88 (conventional design), and G88 (trailer tractor). An inline six, 9.6-litre engine powered these trucks, being rated at 166 hp, while a smaller variant, the Series 85, has to content itself with a smaller 6.7-litre, 107 hp engine. Any transmission setting among a wide choice could be specified, while both two- and three-axle versions existed. On the other hand, only one chassis length was available for both F88 and N88 trucks.

Volvo trucks were not designed to compete with established companies on export markets thanks to lower prices, but to superior quality. Actually, they were rather expensive but offered excellent reliability, handling and comfort. Some unusual characteristics included the availability of turbocharged versions of these trucks – common today, turbochargers were virtually unheard of back then – able to deliver up to 260 hp, a seat that could be adjusted for the weight of the driver, and power steering. It also enjoyed a cosy berth at the back of the cabin and a powerful heater.

The N88 and even more the F88 and G88, which squarish cabins were a common sight on all European roads, enjoyed a long and successful career. The introduction of the F10 and F12, unveiled in 1977, nonetheless announced the coming end of the Series 88. All variants were discontinued shortly thereafter.

About the model

Model: Volvo N88
Year: 1967
Maker: Ixo
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Altaya as no.2 of its Camions d'Autrefois press series
Acquired: brand new, in December 2011, in Souillac, France

Altaya and Ixo have had the brilliant idea to start a new press series which allows truck lovers to fill their shelves for a much lesser price than those usually asked for 1/43 models of this kind. Did Ixo have to sacrifice quality to achieve this goal? Surprisingly, this model is a very good reproduction of the N88, filled with carefully reproduced details. I’d give 15/20 for this model, well worth those found in hobby stores.

Toyota Publica

A little history

As the Americans had had the Ford Model T, and the Germans had the Volkswagen Beetle, the Japanese, not so long after emerging from a disastrous conflict, decided to create the car that would put their country on wheels. In 1955, the Japanese government published the requirements for such a vehicle, which had to be light and economical, yet demonstrate decent performance and good reliability, and obviously remain affordable. Quite a challenge!

In spite of the difficulties, Toyota’s engineers felt up to the task. Initially, they took their inspiration from another successful popular car of the era, the Citroën 2CV. They built a prototype fitted with a transmission to the front wheels but, without any experience in this field, the car proved a failure and it was decided to revert to a more reasonable rear-wheel-drive. Nevertheless, the car was to have an air-cooled, opposed twin engine, as its model. Displacement was 700 cc for an output of 28 hp, allowing the car to reach 110 kph. But unlike the 2CV, the little Toyota was to be a modern-looking notchback, with two doors and seating for four passengers. Production of this vehicle finally started in June 1961 after it had been christened “Publica”, a name chosen to denote its supposed impact on the Japanese masses. Alas, things went somewhat awry, at least at first.

Toyota had supposed the average Japanese were eagerly awaiting their Publica, but rapidly had to admit that it simply didn’t sell. The blame was put on the lack of equipment – by the early Sixties, in a more prosperous Japan than it used to be a few years before, most customers were looking for a car that was less spartan. They finally found it when Toyota unveiled a superior Deluxe version. The Publica had just met its public, at last.

In 1966, the Publica was thoroughly updated. Most obvious was its new front end, longer and more elegant, but other tiny modifications had been made all around the body. Its engine was enlarged to 800c and 36 hp, or even 45 hp in the new convertible version. Sales continued to be strong, but customers were slowly turning to newer, more sophisticated small cars. When production of the initial Publica was stopped in April 1969, the car that succeeded it bore the same name, but was a totally different automobile, based on the Corolla’s shortened platform.

About the model

Model: Toyota Publica
Year: 1961
Maker: Ebbro
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Ebbro “Oldies”
Acquired: brand new, in September 2006, Manila, Philippines

Perhaps not Ebbro’s best model, but still very acceptable. I experienced some trouble with the door handles that were getting loose. My rating is 13/20.





Model: Toyota Publica
Year: 1961
Maker: Norev
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Hachette Fujingaho as no.28 of its Japanese Car Collection press series
Acquired: brand new, in January 2007, in Hong Kong, S.A.R.

In addition to the Ebbro mentioned above, I used to have a Norev version of the same car, that I sold since then (sorry, I never thought of taking pictures before!). A simpler model, it nonetheless respected the proportions and dimensions of the Publica. Paint was a surprising, yet original kind of orange.

Citroën Activa

A little history

By the Eighties, Citroën had felt into some sort of lethargy. Apart from some “real” twin-chevron models, the BX and the ageing 2CV and CX, production now comprised a large share of cars that were either rebadged Peugeots or closely related to vehicles from the Sochaux company. Still, Citroën was bold enough to present two concept cars within two years, and therefore was able to demonstrate that its traditional spirit of innovation was not totally gone.

The first one was the Activa, presented during the 1988 Paris motor show. A striking pilarless four-door saloon (with “suicide” rear doors) penned by Dan Abramson, the Activa prominently featured a complex suspension system. Based on Citroën’s customary hydropneumatic suspension, it was controlled by a “Regamo” electronic system and called “Hydractive”. It succeeded in eliminating the important roll in fast turns that had been demonstrated by all hydropneumatic-equipped Citroëns since the DS and, furthermore, it could adjust the car’s handling by changing ride height and damping depending on the way the Activa was driven. Citroën didn’t only focus on suspension, though: its Activa enjoyed a fighter jet-inspired “head-up” holographic data display, four steerable wheels that allowed for a very tight turning radius and sideway parking, and a full-time four-wheel-drive transmission through a four-speed automatic gearbox. Even the seemingly conventional devices received loads of electronics. Its engine, a 3.0-litre V6 rated at 220 hp, looks rather conventional in comparison. Among all of these new systems, the Hydractive suspension proved the most successful one, as no later than the following year it found its way into the new Citroën XM.

Two years after the first Activa, Citroën unveiled the XM-based Activa 2 coupe, again during the Paris motor show. The Hydractive suspension and 3.0-litre engine (now limited to 200 hp) were carried over from its predecessor, while the centre console received an advanced electronic navigation system that was ahead of its time. Yet, the Activa 2 was a much more reasonable car overall, for Citroën seriously considered its production as an heir to the famed SM. In the end, PSA management deemed its manufacture too risky, Citroën lacking the image necessary to sell a car that would have competed with well-established German brands. For the anecdote, the body of the Activa 2 is often but erroneously thought to be from Bertone: as its creditor, Citroën had indeed the Italian company settling part of its debts by building the car, but its involvement stopped here – the design of the Activa 2 was an in-house job, its lines having been drawn once again by Dan Abramson.

Though the Activas did not beget any production vehicle, the name was later applied to the active suspension system available on a variant of the Citroën Xantia.

About the model

Model: Citroën Activa 2
Year: 1990
Maker: Universal Hobbies
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Atlas as no.66 of its Passion Citroën press series
Acquired: new with neither box nor stand (probably a production overrun or quality control reject), in February 2007, in Hong Kong, S.A.R.

Universal Hobbies offered a pretty model of the Activa 2 through Atlas’ press series (the Activa 1 was also released, but I don’t have it yet). My rating is 14/20. Note that I hadn’t glue the side mirrors into place when I took these pictures. By the way, I just noticed they’re way too dark! I’ll replace them as soon as I put my hands again on this model.

Renault Dauphine

A little history

Not a single new car sold during five years of conflict and the possibility for a more prosperous working class of purchasing an automobile for the very first time combined to make the little Renault 4CV, launched in mid-1947, an instant hit. Obviously, its manufacturer started to think about its replacement as soon at it was put on the market but, as it turned out, its success was such that a direct substitute could not be imagined. Therefore, a larger car ended up being sold alongside the 4CV, rather than it replaced it.

The “Project 109” study started in earnest in July 1951. Ultimately, the car would become the Dauphine, placed between the 4CV and the Frégate, and addressing previous owners of 4CV whose improved way of life would allow purchasing a larger automobile, while the 4CV would continue to answer the needs of first-time motorists. Rarely the introduction of a new car had been so carefully prepared, the whole development lasting almost five years and including an in-depth study of the needs of the average French motorist.

The presentation of the Renault Dauphine took place in February 1956 in Corsica, where many journalists had been invited to test the first new Renault in more than five years. The public would have to wait one more month for its introduction in Paris. Finally, the Dauphine was officially unveiled during the Geneva motor show. A box-type automobile of much larger proportions than the 4CV, the Dauphine retained a rear engine, but of larger displacement – 850cc for 27 hp. Handling was extremely sound for a car based on this architecture, the Dauphine only oversteering when pushed hard in tight turns. The front luggage compartment was rather vast for the times. And, to make things even better, the Dauphine, after the initial prototypes had been corrected by Ghia, was a very elegant automobile, offered in a variety of bright colours.

As the 4CV before it, the Dauphine’s success was immediate and, ultimately, more than two millions were built until 1968, production continuing until 1970 in some countries. It, too, would survive its heir apparent, the Renault 8. Among the memorable variants of the original car, let’s name the Gordini from 1958, with its 38 hp engine; the Ondine, a better-appointed version introduced in 1960; and the R1093, a homologated racing development of the Dauphine fitted with a 55 hp engine and a four-speed transmission. Another noticeable equipment was the Ferlec electromagnetic clutch (optional from 1957) that turned the Dauphine’s manual transmission into a semi-automatic one. The excellent Dauphine engine was also fitted under the bonnets of such dissimilar vehicles as the Alpine A108 sports coupe or the Renault Estafette panel van. The outputs of the sporty versions’ perhaps seem ludicrous today, but the Gordini and the R1093 were quite effective machines back then, the Dauphine bagging a victory at the Monte Carlo rally, and two at the Tour de Corse, among countless minor trophies.

More than its success in France, the Dauphine’s achievements around the globe were remarkable in a time when brand new cars seldom crossed borders. Apart from FASA, Renault’s Spanish subsidiary, the Dauphine was produced under licence by Alfa Romeo in Italy (easily forgotten today, but there has been thousands of Alfa Romeo Dauphines built!), by Kaiser in Argentina and Israel, by Willys-Overland in Brazil and by the minor Todd Motors in New Zealand. It also served as the base for the Hino Contessa, after the Japanese company had produced the 4CV in the Fifties. Most notable of all, though it ultimately met with a bitter end, was the Dauphine’s great success on the American market. During the first large wave of imports that took place in the late Fifties, it was second only to the Volkswagen Beetle in terms of sales. Unlike the German car, the Dauphine offered four doors, a pretty silhouette and Parisian chic to American motorists. Alas, the Dauphine proved anything but durable on American highways, and suffered to the extreme from rust. To make things worse, Renault’s budding North American network was well below par to address the complaints of its disenchanted customers… When the “Big Three” unveiled their own compact cars, the Ford Falcon, the Chevrolet Corvair and the Plymouth Valiant, Renault ended up with thousands of Dauphines rusting in the open air in New York docks – most were finally shipped back to France at considerable expense.

About the models

Model: Renault Dauphine Gordini
Year: 1958
Maker: Norev
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Norev, as part of a “Gordini” box set offered in the “Renault Gamme Sport” series.
Acquired: second-hand as part of the complete set, offered by a friend and fellow collector in December 2006, in Manila, Philippines.

Norev’s rendition of the Dauphine Gordini suffers mostly from the poorly designed door handles, which have the naughty habit of swinging freely around their attachment points. Apart from this detail, this model is rather nice, and deserves a 13/20. This particular one was part of a three-car commemorative “Gordini” set, which also included a Renault 8 Gordini and an already presented Renault 12 Gordini (curiously Norev omitted the Renault 17 Gordini…).





Model: Renault Dauphine
Event: 1958 Monte Carlo rally, driven by Guy Monraisse, navigator Jacques Feret (overall winners)
Maker: Ixo
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Altaya as no.62 of its Voitures de Rallye de Collection press series
Acquired: brand new, in July 2006, in Souillac, France

We have briefly discussed about the Dauphine’s racing career. Though the car itself wasn’t particularly impressive, its historical victory in the Monte Carlo justified its inclusion in Altaya’s series of rally cars. Unfortunately Ixo's model of the Dauphine is fitted with grossly oversized side windows. Too bad! My rating is 12/20.









Model: Renault Dauphine
Year: 1961
Maker: Ixo
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: Altaya as no.31 of its Nos Chères Voitures d'Antan press series
Acquired: brand new, in September 2005, in Souillac, France

Remove the previous model’s few items that identify it as a racing car, and you get this plain Dauphine. In addition to the reproach already made above, Ixo painted its model into this bright orange that has never been a factory colour. This forces me to further lower my rating to 11/20.





Model: Renault Dauphine
Year: 1961
Maker: Norev
Scale: 1/43
Distributed by: M6 as no.2 of its Renault Collection press series
Acquired: brand new, in December 2006, in Souillac, France

Same thing with Norev that provided a plain Dauphine for M6’s press series. It is based on the same mould as the Gordini we have seen above – and suffers from the very same flaw: 13/20.